Django の tutorial やってみた。

ryomatsu

14年前

Google App Engine 上で webapp ばかり触ってたけど、Python なら Django だろう！ということでまずは tutorial をやってみた。

django のバージョンは1.1にした。なんでかというと GAE で動かす事が前提だから。今のところサポートされているのが1.1まで、だったきがする。

インストール

Django公式サイトからダウンロードしてきたtarボールを解凍して

$ python setup.py install

とする。俺みたいに Python を複数バージョン入れている場合は、実行する Python のバージョンに注意。

windows の場合は
c:\\Python26\
と
c:\\Python26\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\
を PATH に入れておくと後で便利。というかやらんと不便すぎて死ぬ。
Linux と Mac は知らない。

後は使ったコマンドと最終結果だけ。
詳しくは tutorial を参考にしていただければ。
Django | Writing your first Django app, part 1 | Django documentation

$ python django-admin.py startproject mysite
$ ls
mysite
$ cd mysite/
mysite$ ls
__init__.py  manage.py  settings.py  urls.py
mysite$ python manage.py runserver
Validating models...
0 errors found
Django version 1.1.2, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
mysite$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user
Creating table auth_message
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username: ryomatsu
E-mail address: hoge@example.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing index for auth.Permission model
Installing index for auth.Message model
mysite$ python manage.py startapp polls
mysite$ ls polls
__init__.py  models.py  tests.py  views.py
mysite$ gvim polls/models.py
mysite$ python manage.py sql polls
BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE "polls_poll" (
    "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    "question" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
    "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL
)
;
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" (
    "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    "poll_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "polls_poll" ("id"),
    "choice" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
    "votes" integer NOT NULL
)
;
COMMIT;
mysite$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating table polls_poll
Creating table polls_choice
Installing index for polls.Choice model

最終的なソースコードとディレクトリ構成
ソースコードはチュートリアル最後にあるgenericなコードになっている。

mysite$ ls -R
.:
__init__.py   manage.py  settings.py   sqlite3.db  urls.py
__init__.pyc  polls      settings.pyc  templates   urls.pyc
./polls:
__init__.py   admin.py   models.py   tests.py  urls.pyc  views.pyc
__init__.pyc  admin.pyc  models.pyc  urls.py   views.py
./templates:
admin  polls
./templates/admin:
base_site.html
./templates/polls:
poll_detail.html  poll_list.html  results.html

mysite/manage.py
# 初期値

mysite/settings.py

# 変更点のみ記載
...
DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3'
DATABASE_NAME = 'C:/data/project/django/mysite/sqlite3.db'
...
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    "C:/data/project/django/mysite/templates",
)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'mysite.polls',
    'django.contrib.admin',
)

mysite/urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
	(r'^polls/', include('mysite.polls.urls')),
	(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

mysite/polls/urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite.polls.models import Poll
info_dict = {
	'queryset': Poll.objects.all(),
	}
urlpatterns = patterns('',
	(r'^$',                               'django.views.generic.list_detail.object_list',info_dict),
	(r'^(?P<object_id>\d+)/$',            'django.views.generic.list_detail.object_detail', info_dict),
	url(r'^(?P<object_id>\d+)/results/$', 'django.views.generic.list_detail.object_detail', dict(info_dict, template_name='polls/results.html'), 'poll_results'),
	(r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$', 'mysite.polls.views.vote'),
)
# not generic code
#urlpatterns = patterns('mysite.polls.views',
#	(r'^$', 'index'),
#	(r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/$', 'detail'),
#	(r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/results/$', 'results'),
#	(r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$', 'vote'),
#)

mysite/polls/admin.py

from mysite.polls.models import Poll
from mysite.polls.models import Choice
from django.contrib import admin
#class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
	model = Choice
	extra = 3
class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
	#fields = ['pub_date', 'question']
	fieldsets = [
		(None, {'fields': ['question']}),
		#('Date informatin', {'fields': ['pub_date']}),
		('Date informatin', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes':['collapse']}),
	]
	inlines = [ChoiceInline]
	list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_today')
	list_filter = ['pub_date']
	search_fields = ['question']
	date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin)
admin.site.register(Choice)

mysite/polls/models.py

from django.db import models
import datetime
class Poll(models.Model):
	question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
	pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
	def __unicode__(self):
		return self.question
	def was_published_today(self):
		return self.pub_date.date() == datetime.date.today()
	was_published_today.short_description = 'Published today?'
class Choice(models.Model):
	poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
	choice = models.CharField(max_length=200)
	votes = models.IntegerField()
	def __unicode__(self):
		return self.choice

mysite/polls/views.py

from mysite.polls.models import Poll, Choice
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404
from django.template import Context, loader
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, get_object_or_404
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
# no generic code
#def index(request):
#	latest_poll_list = Poll.objects.all().order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
#	return render_to_response('polls/poll_list.html', {'latest_poll_list': latest_poll_list})
#	#t = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
#	#c = Context({
#	#	'latest_poll_list': latest_poll_list,
#	#})
#	#return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
#def detail(request, poll_id):
#	p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id)
#	#try:
#	#	p=Poll.objects.get(pk=poll_id)
#	#except Poll.DoesNotExist:
#	#	raise Http404
#	return render_to_response('polls/poll_detail.html', {'poll':p})
#def results(request, poll_id):
#	p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id)
#	return render_to_response('polls/results.html', {'poll':p})
def vote(request, poll_id):
	p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id)
	try:
		selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
	except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
		return render_to_response('polls/poll_detail.html', {
			'object':p,
			'error_message': "You didn't select a choice",
		})
	else:
		selected_choice.votes += 1
		selected_choice.save()
		return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('poll_results', args=(p.id,)))

mysite/templates/admin/base_site.html

{% extends "admin/base.html" %}
{% load i18n %}
{% block title %}{{ title }} | {% trans 'Django site admin' %}{% endblock %}
{% block branding %}
<h1 id="site-name">{% trans 'mysite' %}</h1>
{% endblock %}
{% block nav-global %}{% endblock %}

mysite/templates/polls/poll_detail.html

<h1>{{ object.question }}</h1>
{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}
<form action="/polls/{{ object.id }}/vote/" method="post">
{% for choice in object.choice_set.all %}
	<input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" />
	<label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice }}</label><br />
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="Vote" />
</form>

mysite/templates/polls/poll_list.html

{% if object_list %}
	<ul>
	{% for poll in object_list %}
		<li>{{ poll.question }}</li>
	{% endfor %}
	</ul>
{% else %}
	<p>No polls are available.</p>
{% endif %}

mysite/templates/polls/results.html

<h1>{{ object.question }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in object.choice_set.all %}
	<li>{{ choice.choice }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>