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Django の tutorial やってみた。

アフィリエイトリンクを含む場合があります

Google App Engine 上で webapp ばかり触ってたけど、Python なら Django だろう!ということでまずは tutorial をやってみた。

django のバージョンは1.1にした。なんでかというと GAE で動かす事が前提だから。今のところサポートされているのが1.1まで、だったきがする。

インストール

Django公式サイトからダウンロードしてきたtarボールを解凍して

$ python setup.py install


とする。俺みたいに Python を複数バージョン入れている場合は、実行する Python のバージョンに注意。

windows の場合は
c:\\Python26\

c:\\Python26\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\
を PATH に入れておくと後で便利。というかやらんと不便すぎて死ぬ。
Linux と Mac は知らない。

後は使ったコマンドと最終結果だけ。
詳しくは tutorial を参考にしていただければ。

Django | Writing your first Django app, part 1 | Django documentation

$ python django-admin.py startproject mysite

$ ls mysite $ cd mysite/

mysite$ ls __init__.py manage.py settings.py urls.py

mysite$ python manage.py runserver Validating models... 0 errors found

Django version 1.1.2, using settings 'mysite.settings' Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

mysite$ python manage.py syncdb Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user Creating table auth_message Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table django_site

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username: ryomatsu E-mail address: hoge@example.com Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully. Installing index for auth.Permission model Installing index for auth.Message model

mysite$ python manage.py startapp polls mysite$ ls polls __init__.py models.py tests.py views.py mysite$ gvim polls/models.py

mysite$ python manage.py sql polls BEGIN; CREATE TABLE "polls_poll" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "question" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL ) ; CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "poll_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "polls_poll" ("id"), "choice" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL ) ; COMMIT;

mysite$ python manage.py syncdb Creating table polls_poll Creating table polls_choice Installing index for polls.Choice model

最終的なソースコードとディレクトリ構成
ソースコードはチュートリアル最後にあるgenericなコードになっている。

mysite$ ls -R .: __init__.py manage.py settings.py sqlite3.db urls.py __init__.pyc polls settings.pyc templates urls.pyc

./polls: __init__.py admin.py models.py tests.py urls.pyc views.pyc __init__.pyc admin.pyc models.pyc urls.py views.py

./templates: admin polls

./templates/admin: base_site.html

./templates/polls: poll_detail.html poll_list.html results.html

mysite/manage.py
# 初期値

mysite/settings.py

# 変更点のみ記載 ... DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3' DATABASE_NAME = 'C:/data/project/django/mysite/sqlite3.db' ... TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( "C:/data/project/django/mysite/templates", ) INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.sites', 'mysite.polls', 'django.contrib.admin', )

mysite/urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^polls/', include('mysite.polls.urls')), (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), )

mysite/polls/urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from mysite.polls.models import Poll

info_dict = { 'queryset': Poll.objects.all(), }

urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^$', 'django.views.generic.list_detail.object_list',info_dict), (r'^(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'django.views.generic.list_detail.object_detail', info_dict), url(r'^(?P<object_id>\d+)/results/$', 'django.views.generic.list_detail.object_detail', dict(info_dict, template_name='polls/results.html'), 'poll_results'), (r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$', 'mysite.polls.views.vote'), )

# not generic code #urlpatterns = patterns('mysite.polls.views', # (r'^$', 'index'), # (r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/$', 'detail'), # (r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/results/$', 'results'), # (r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$', 'vote'), #)

mysite/polls/admin.py

from mysite.polls.models import Poll from mysite.polls.models import Choice from django.contrib import admin

#class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline): class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Choice extra = 3

class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): #fields = ['pub_date', 'question'] fieldsets = [ (None, {'fields': ['question']}), #('Date informatin', {'fields': ['pub_date']}), ('Date informatin', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes':['collapse']}), ] inlines = [ChoiceInline] list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_today') list_filter = ['pub_date'] search_fields = ['question'] date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'

admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin) admin.site.register(Choice)

mysite/polls/models.py

from django.db import models import datetime

class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

def __unicode__(self): return self.question

def was_published_today(self): return self.pub_date.date() == datetime.date.today() was_published_today.short_description = 'Published today?'

class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField()

def __unicode__(self): return self.choice

mysite/polls/views.py

from mysite.polls.models import Poll, Choice from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, Http404 from django.template import Context, loader from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, get_object_or_404 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

# no generic code #def index(request): # latest_poll_list = Poll.objects.all().order_by('-pub_date')[:5] # return render_to_response('polls/poll_list.html', {'latest_poll_list': latest_poll_list}) # #t = loader.get_template('polls/index.html') # #c = Context({ # # 'latest_poll_list': latest_poll_list, # #}) # #return HttpResponse(t.render(c))

#def detail(request, poll_id): # p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id) # #try: # # p=Poll.objects.get(pk=poll_id) # #except Poll.DoesNotExist: # # raise Http404 # return render_to_response('polls/poll_detail.html', {'poll':p})

#def results(request, poll_id): # p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id) # return render_to_response('polls/results.html', {'poll':p})

def vote(request, poll_id): p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id) try: selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice']) except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist): return render_to_response('polls/poll_detail.html', { 'object':p, 'error_message': "You didn't select a choice", }) else: selected_choice.votes += 1 selected_choice.save() return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('poll_results', args=(p.id,)))

mysite/templates/admin/base_site.html

{% extends "admin/base.html" %} {% load i18n %}

{% block title %}{{ title }} | {% trans 'Django site admin' %}{% endblock %}

{% block branding %} <h1 id="site-name">{% trans 'mysite' %}</h1> {% endblock %}

{% block nav-global %}{% endblock %}

mysite/templates/polls/poll_detail.html

<h1>{{ object.question }}</h1>

{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}

<form action="/polls/{{ object.id }}/vote/" method="post"> {% for choice in object.choice_set.all %} <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" /> <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice }}</label><br /> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="Vote" /> </form>

mysite/templates/polls/poll_list.html

{% if object_list %} <ul> {% for poll in object_list %} <li>{{ poll.question }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} <p>No polls are available.</p> {% endif %}

mysite/templates/polls/results.html

<h1>{{ object.question }}</h1>

<ul> {% for choice in object.choice_set.all %} <li>{{ choice.choice }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul>

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